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Posted on Oct 26th, 2021

The Hidden Cost of Futures-Based Bitcoin ETFs

In what was a watershed moment for both cryptocurrency and U.S. financial markets, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) greenlit Bitcoin exchange traded funds on October 15, 2021. The only catch – these products are required to invest in futures contracts rather than actual Bitcoin or Canadian Bitcoin ETFs that invest in physical Bitcoin on investors’ behalf. While this past week marks a major step in democratizing safe access to a novel asset class, there are some key differences to keep in mind as an investor.

Futures Primer: What Are Futures Contracts?

Futures contracts provide investors with the ability to purchase (or sell) an asset at a fixed price on a defined date in the future. In essence, this allows an investor to lock in a price today for a planned transaction. In the case of Bitcoin, purchasing future contracts gives instant exposure to a future purchase of Bitcoin. These futures contracts are cash settled, meaning that the contract holder receives a cash settlement equal to what a Bitcoin is worth as of the defined date.

Futures contracts for a commodity are generally available to trade for many different delivery dates, and prices can differ along the futures curve. Many of these prices are different than what the commodity cost today. The reason for this is simple – sometimes these commodities provide benefits when holding or cost money to store, making the future price higher or lower than what it is today. When the futures prices for a commodity are higher than they are today, and increase as time goes on, the market is said to be in “contango.” Bitcoin is currently in a contango market, as transaction prices in the future are more expensive than the commodity cost today.

The Pricing of Bitcoin Futures

The Pricing of Bitcoin Futures

Data as at October 18, 2021.

Looking at the futures curve, as depicted in the chart above, one can visualize how much is being paid versus the current market price. The major issue with using futures contracts to provide long-term exposure to a commodity is that once the future date arrives, the fund needs to sell the existing futures contract to buy a new one, with a date further in the future; this is known as “rolling the futures.” The process needs to be repeated regularly to maintain exposure to crypto assets rather than settling the exposure in cash terms. In a contango market, such as Bitcoin, this results in losses over time.

Annualized premium "cost" for future based exposure

Data as at October 18, 2021.

If the futures curve remains the way it is today, this imposes a cost on the fund’s total net assets. Each time the more expensive, longer-dated futures contract is purchased, the fund can afford less Bitcoin than it had exposure to with the sold contract.

Hypothetical "roll" of $50,000 asset

Note that this chart is not depicting hypothetical performance data – instead, it demonstrates how costs of “rolling” futures may occur. These costs are not derived from the performance of the fund, they are a result of the inherent structure of a futures-based investment strategy.

Future-based ETFs are hardly new – for decades, investors have been able to purchase ETFs that provide exposure to various commodities. The graph below depicts what happens to the exposure over time.

Growth of $1000 of US Oil Fund vs US Crude Oil WTI

Data for 2006 to 2019 as sourced on October 21, 2021.

Bitcoin ETFs

At Purpose, our Bitcoin and Ether ETFs invest in actual Bitcoin and Ether – not futures contracts. We believe that providing access to actual cryptocurrency provides a better experience for investors, and results in better exposure to one of the fastest-growing asset classes of our time.

It is extremely important for investors to understand the implications of investing in a futures-based product. For most, the term “decentralized finance” invokes thoughts of transparency, democratization, and innovation. Some could say that investing in the ecosystem using complex, centralized financial instruments plagued by decay is counterintuitive. Feel free to reach out to info@purposeinvest.com to learn more.


All data sourced to Bloomberg unless otherwise noted.

The content of this document is for informational purposes only, and is not being provided in the context of an offering of any securities described herein, nor is it a recommendation or solicitation to buy, hold or sell any security. The information is not investment advice, nor is it tailored to the needs or circumstances of any investor. Information contained on this document is not, and under no circumstances is it to be construed as, an offering memorandum, prospectus, advertisement or public offering of securities. No securities commission or similar regulatory authority has reviewed this document and any representation to the contrary is an offence. Information contained in this document is believed to be accurate and reliable, however, we cannot guarantee that it is complete or current at all times. The information provided is subject to change without notice and neither Purpose Investments Inc. nor is affiliates will be held liable for inaccuracies in the information presented.

Commissions, trailing commissions, management fees and expenses all may be associated with investment funds. Funds discussed in this document may be considered “high-risk.” Speak to your advisor to determine if these products are suitable for you and always read the prospectus before investing. If the securities are purchased or sold on a stock exchange, you may pay more or receive less than the current net asset value. Investment funds are not guaranteed, their values change frequently and past performance may not be repeated.

Certain statements in this document are forward-looking. Forward-looking statements (“FLS”) are statements that are predictive in nature, depend on or refer to future events or conditions, or that include words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “expect,” “anticipate,” intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “estimate” or other similar expressions. Statements that look forward in time or include anything other than historical information are subject to risks and uncertainties, and actual results, actions or events could differ materially from those set forth in the FLS. FLS are not guarantees of future performance and are by their nature based on numerous assumptions. Although the FLS contained in this document are based upon what Purpose Investments and Greg Taylor and Sandy Liang believe to be reasonable assumptions, Purpose Investments and Greg Taylor and Sandy Liang cannot assure that actual results will be consistent with these FLS. The reader is cautioned to consider the FLS carefully and not to place undue reliance on the FLS. Unless required by applicable law, it is not undertaken, and specifically disclaimed, that there is any intention or obligation to update or revise FLS, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.